Basic Info.
Model NO.
55466-04-1
Product Name
Spine Date Seed Extract
Botanical Source
Zizyphus Vulgaris
Plant Part Used
Seed
Active Ingredient Markers
Jujubosides
Appearance
Fine Brown Powder
Solubility
Soluble in Ethanol & Water Solution
Transport Package
Packed in Fiber Drum, LDPE Bag Inside
Specification
Jujubosides 2%
Origin
Baishui Industry Park, Qiyang, Yongzhou, Hunan
Production Capacity
2500kgs/Month
Product Description
Spine Date Seed Extract
English Name: Spine Date Seed Extract
Other name: Semen Ziziphi Spinosae P.E.
Common name: Wild or Sping Jujuba Seed,suan zao ren,
Chinese Sleeping Elixir,Sour Jujube,Zizyphus Seed
Botanical Source: Zizyphus Vulgaris
Active Ingredient: Jujubosides
Specification: jujuboside 2%
Appearance : Yellowish brown powder
CAS No.: 55466-04-1
Botanical Description of Ziziphus spinosa Hu
Lowshrub,height 1-3m,sticky branch.Cross leaves,2~3.5cm length,6~12mm width. flower yellow to green color,fruit september.Origin from west and north china.
Properties: Sweet and acid in flavour, neutral in nature, it acts on the heart, liver and gallbladder channels. This herb is sweet in flavour and moist in nature. The sweetness and sourness can tonify Yin and nourishing liver and bladder, nourishing the heart and calming the mind. It is often used of insomnia and dreaminess due to deficiency of both Qi and blood and insufficient nourishing of heart and mind. This herb is sour in taste and astringing sweating. It can be used for treatment of hyperhidrosis due to general deficiency.
Constituents of Zizyphus spinosa seed
Following the elucidation of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B, novel protojujubogenin type triterpene bisdesmosides,protojujubosides A,B,and B1,were isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (the pharmaceutical name), the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (also called Zizyphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge) var. spinosa Hu (the botanical name). The structures of protojujubosides A, B, and B1 were determined on the basis of chemical and physiochemical evidence, which included the conversion of protojujubosides to known jujubosides using enzymatic hydrolysis. Protojujubosides A and jujubosides A, B, and C were found to show potent immunological adjuvant activity.
Zizyphus spinosa seeds (A.K.A. semen Zizyphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge) were extracted with methanol and six compounds were isolated from this extract. There were four triterpenoid saponins including jujubosides A and B, phenferulicolic and acids. A new flavonoid compound (4"-beta-D-glycopyranosyl swetisin) was discovered and named 'zivulgarin'.
edative Constituents of Zizyphus
Laboratory animal studies of zizyphus extract confirm a sedative effect, though the constituents that contribute this effect have not all been specifically identified. Some sedative effects were shown to be produced by several different components. The only components of zizyphus that are present in quantities likely to be responsible for the observed clinical effects aretriterpenes. The unique triterpenes for this herb are known asjujubosides (see pictures). Additionally, there are related triterpenecompounds (such as betulic acid and oleanolic acid) that are found in several other herbs. Structurally, the jujubosides are nearly identical to the active constituents found in ginseng, an herb that is traditionally used as a sedative and a tonic. According to one analysis, the triterpenelevel in zizyphus is 2%, so that an 18 gram dose, as used in Zizyphus Combination, would yield about 300 mg of triterpenes, a level typically relied upon for most triterpenes. The simple powder of zizyphus, consumed orally, appears to be effective in relatively low dosage. One report indicates that good effects were obtained using 0.8-1.2 grams of the powder before bed.
In one of the best known patent remedies for insomnia, Tianwang Buxin Dan (Ginseng and Zizyphus Formula), many herbs with triterpenes are combined together,including zizyphus,ginseng,platycodon,and polygala.The formula also provides herbs that contain steroid saponins(e.g., ophiopogon and asparagus) that have a similar structure and that are likely to have similar effects.The indications and applications of this large formula are almost identical to that of the smaller and more ancient Zizyphus Combination.The famous tonic mushroom ganoderma contains triterpenes similar to those found in ginseng and zizyphus,and is classified,like zizyphus,as a tonic sedative.It is sometimes recommended as a single herb remedy for insomnia.
Traditional Insomia Theory Due to Fatigue and Spine Date Seed
While there are many causes of insomnia, serious fatigue is seen as both a cause and result of insomnia:
According to ancient teaching, the liver is the root of extreme fatigue. A high degree of exhaustion causes serious overnight insomnia, irascibility, dizziness of head and eyes: all indicating the extreme glowing of liver yang, imbalance of yin and yang, and an inability of yang to return to yin....Also, inability of blood to nourish the heart with exhaustion of the heart (mental fatigue) leads to wandering of the heart spirit from its shelter, causing insomnia with heart palpitations.
The liver- and heart-nourishing zizyphus seed, with its astringent quality that helps prevent the heart spirit from wandering too far, is an ideal remedy for this type of disorder. Another explanation of insomnia was provided by an orient physician:
According to the ancient teachings: 'The day is yang; the night is yin. The wei qi circulates in the yang [the body surface] during the day and circulates in the yin [the central viscera] at night. In other words, the yang enters the yin in the night. The meeting of yin and yang creates a peaceful serene state, which is sleep. If the yin is deficient and unable to receive the yang, or the yang is in excess and unable to enter the yin, this causes disconnection of yin and yang with resultant insomnia.'...As stressed by Zhang Jingyue [famous physician of the Ming Dynasty]: 'The insufficiency of genuine yin, essence, and blood will cause disconnection of yin and yang, thus disturbing the peace of the spirit and generating insomnia. The heart shelters the spirit and is the house of the yang....Sleep occurs when the wei qi enters the yin and creates a quiet environment. In the words of the ancients, when the yang has a home to return to, the sleep will ensue. When the heart is disturbed by worry and shakes the spirit, restlessness occurs, which generates insomnia.'
Zizyphus is used to help assure that the yang has a home to return to by nourishing the yin and blood of the heart and liver (essentially, making them soft and comforting). According to Xu Dachun, a Qing Dynasty physician: "Everyone knows that one employs zizyphus and fu-shen if one can not sleep." Fu-shen is part of the herb known as hoelen, one of the ingredients of Zizyphus Combination.The herb is a fungus that grows on the roots of pine trees; fu-shen is the portion that includes the root, while hoelen is the portion that does not include the root.
While zizyphus is useful for the cases of yin and blood deficiency, it is not deemed suitable for all cases of insomnia. A modern Chinese physician, identified only as Liu , expressed some specific reservations, as relayed by translator C.S. Cheung.
Liu is reluctant to use zizyphus indiscriminately. Although it is a good agent for nurturing the heart and calming the spirit and is excellent for the treatment of restless heart insomnia with palpitations due to anxiety and fright, yin deficiency, and profuse perspiration, it is not indicated for insomnia of wet phlegm evil heat or for liver stagnation and qi stagnation. This is because it possesses a sour, astringing property, which may prevent the dissipation of evil phlegm accumulation and stagnated qi and therefore delay the recovery from the illness.
To a certain extent, this concern is overstated, in that the fried seed that is actually used is not sour, though it does have a tonifying and astringent quality that can be considered a contraindication for the conditions described here. The concern about phlegm accumulation is often addressed by including polygala with zizyphus in formulas; polygala has both sedative and phlegm-resolving qualities. Qi stagnation may be addressed by inclusion of saussurea, which regulates qi and has secondary sedative effects. As one example, a widely used sedative preparation is Guipi Tang (Ginseng and Longan Combination), which is a spleen tonic formula (includes ginseng, astragalus, atractylodes, ginseng, and licorice to tonify spleen qi) that incorporates sedatives: zizyphus, polygala, saussurea, jujube, and longan (longan, like jujube, is a sweet fruit that is said to benefit the spleen and have a calming effect). Another example is provided by the modern physicians Wu Zimou and Li Hongjian, who described differentiation of complexes associated with insomnia and suggested a formula with for the type characterized as "stagnated obstruction of phlegm-heat." The formula includes a high dose (20 grams) of zizyphus, indicating that they believe it can still be used, but it also is comprised of several phlegm-resolving herbs-pinellia, citrus, chih-shih, bamboo, trichosanthes fruit, and polygala. Citrus and chih-shih also disperse central qi stagnation.
By contrast, if a sedative formulation is made up of many rich tonifying herbs, then the concern expressed by Liu will apply. His hesitance to provide zizyphus in that context is reflected in the statement, from Commonly Used Chinese Herb Formulas with Illustrations (14), that the tonic prescription Tianwang Buxin Dan (Ginseng and Zizyphus Formula) should not be used by "those having gastrointestinal [spleen] weakness with moist tenacious sputum." Although the formula contains herbs that benefit the spleen and others that resolve phlegm (sputum), its strong focus on nourishing yin and blood is considered sufficient to cause concern for those who have the problem of stagnated and accumulated fluids. Zizyphus is one of the ingredients at issue; others are the oily biota seed and the richly sweet herbs rehmannia and scrophularia.
Functions:
1. Sedative and hypnotic activity of Zizyphus spinosa seed.
Flavonoids and saponins from Zizyphus spinosa (Chinese 'suan zao ren') seeds were tested for sedative activity. All compounds tested showed activity in potentiating hexobarital induced hypnosis as well as reducing ladder climbing. Swertisin was the most potent and was tested for type of action. It was found that these compounds produced sleep but were not anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant.Shin, Woo and Lee: Sedative action of flavonoids and saponins from the seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge.
Alkaloids from Zizyphus spinosa seeds were examined for sedative activity. Compounds included sanjoinine, zizyphusine and nuciferine (a compound also found in the Chinese herb lotus- Nelumbo nucifera). Both sanjoinine A and nuciferine prolonged the sleeping time produced by hexobarbital. When the sanjoinine A was heated it was found to produce an isomer with even greater sedative activity. This may support the traditional practice of roasting or boiling the seeds before use.
The alkaloids sanjoinine A, nuciferine and their cogeners were found to have sedative activity. Upon heat treatment sanjoinine A produced sanjoinine Ah1, which had greater activity. This may support the traditional practice of roasting or boiling the seeds before use.
2. Radioprotective activity of Zizyphus spinosa seed.
The traditional herb formula Kuei pi tang (Gui pi tang) was found to increase endogenous spleen colony formation and jejunal crypt cell survival. Low and high doses of gamma irrradiation were given and there was significant protection with less cell death occuring as a result. Further study of the ingredients in Kuei pi tang determined that several herbs likely had radioprotective effects, including Zizyphus spinosa seeds. The authors note that although the mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated, the formula is suggested for protection due to it's being a relatively non-toxic natural product.Kim et. al.: The radioprotective effect of Kuei pi tang as a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine in mice.
A Chinese patent was filed for a medicine to treat and prevent the damage from electromagnetic radiation. The ingredients were several herbs and minerals including Zizyphus spinosa seeds, Calcium and Zinc. The medicine was prepared as a decoction (boiled tea) but it was suggested that the ingredients could be added to food as well.
3. Protection from anoxia (lack of oxygen) and reoxygenation damage.
The heart cells of rats were deprived of oxygen and then reoxygenated. This was done both with and without Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins. In the group given the Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins more intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were active and there was less membrane fluidity, all signs of better protection and recovery. This study proved that Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins protect against lipid peroxidation induced by anoxia and reoxygenation.
Neonatal heart cells of rats were deprived of oxygen and glucose or treated with the drugs chlorpromazine ad mitomycin. Increases of the production of lactate dehydogenase were measured. Pretreatment with Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins showed a reduction or elimination of these ill effects due to oxygen/glucose deprivation of drug administration. The authors conclude that Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins are an effective protective drug for myocardial cells.
Up.
4.Protective effects on cardiac cells.
Experiments show that at 33mg/ml, total zizyphus saponin can significantly decrease cardiac cells' release of lactic dehydrogenase induced by deoxyglucose, chloropromazine, or mytomycin C.
5.Anti-neoplastic effects
Administered i.g. at 1.40 ml/kg or 0.35 ml/kg, Suan Zao Ren oil can lengthen the survival time of cancerous mice by a factor of 50%. It can inhibit weight increase in the late stages of cancerous mice's lives.
Up.
6.Enhancing immunity
Experiments show that administered to mice at 0.1g/kg for 16 consecutive days, Suan Zao Ren can enhance the subjects' humoral and cell-mediated immune functions. Furthermore, Suan Zao Ren has a protective effect against radiation damage in mice.Administered to mice at 5g/kg for 20 consecutive days, alcohol-based extract of Suan Zao Ren can counteract cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice.
7.Lowering blood lipid level and counteracting platelet aggregation.
Administered to male quails of modeled high cholesterol levels, both Suan Zao oil at 2.5ml/kg and Suan Zao extract at 20g/kg can significantly decrease the subjects' levels of total cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. It can also significantly decrease the liver's fatty degeneration. denaturation of liver lipid. Administered i.g. at 2.5ml/kg per day for 5 consecutive days, Suan Zao oil can significantly inhibit blood platelet aggregation in rats.
8.Counteracting peroxydation.
Suan Zao Ren has a protective effect against endotoxin-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in feverish mice.
9.Protective effects against chemic cerebral damages.
Total zizyphus saponin can decrease the content of water and MDA in ischemic cerebral tissues. It increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, creatine phophatase, and lactic dehydrogenase in cerebral tissues, decreases the content of lactic acid, and ameliorates damage to nerve cells.
English Name: Spine Date Seed Extract
Other name: Semen Ziziphi Spinosae P.E.
Common name: Wild or Sping Jujuba Seed,suan zao ren,
Chinese Sleeping Elixir,Sour Jujube,Zizyphus Seed
Botanical Source: Zizyphus Vulgaris
Active Ingredient: Jujubosides
Specification: jujuboside 2%
Appearance : Yellowish brown powder
CAS No.: 55466-04-1
Botanical Description of Ziziphus spinosa Hu
Lowshrub,height 1-3m,sticky branch.Cross leaves,2~3.5cm length,6~12mm width. flower yellow to green color,fruit september.Origin from west and north china.
Properties: Sweet and acid in flavour, neutral in nature, it acts on the heart, liver and gallbladder channels. This herb is sweet in flavour and moist in nature. The sweetness and sourness can tonify Yin and nourishing liver and bladder, nourishing the heart and calming the mind. It is often used of insomnia and dreaminess due to deficiency of both Qi and blood and insufficient nourishing of heart and mind. This herb is sour in taste and astringing sweating. It can be used for treatment of hyperhidrosis due to general deficiency.
Constituents of Zizyphus spinosa seed
Following the elucidation of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B, novel protojujubogenin type triterpene bisdesmosides,protojujubosides A,B,and B1,were isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (the pharmaceutical name), the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (also called Zizyphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge) var. spinosa Hu (the botanical name). The structures of protojujubosides A, B, and B1 were determined on the basis of chemical and physiochemical evidence, which included the conversion of protojujubosides to known jujubosides using enzymatic hydrolysis. Protojujubosides A and jujubosides A, B, and C were found to show potent immunological adjuvant activity.
Zizyphus spinosa seeds (A.K.A. semen Zizyphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge) were extracted with methanol and six compounds were isolated from this extract. There were four triterpenoid saponins including jujubosides A and B, phenferulicolic and acids. A new flavonoid compound (4"-beta-D-glycopyranosyl swetisin) was discovered and named 'zivulgarin'.
edative Constituents of Zizyphus
Laboratory animal studies of zizyphus extract confirm a sedative effect, though the constituents that contribute this effect have not all been specifically identified. Some sedative effects were shown to be produced by several different components. The only components of zizyphus that are present in quantities likely to be responsible for the observed clinical effects aretriterpenes. The unique triterpenes for this herb are known asjujubosides (see pictures). Additionally, there are related triterpenecompounds (such as betulic acid and oleanolic acid) that are found in several other herbs. Structurally, the jujubosides are nearly identical to the active constituents found in ginseng, an herb that is traditionally used as a sedative and a tonic. According to one analysis, the triterpenelevel in zizyphus is 2%, so that an 18 gram dose, as used in Zizyphus Combination, would yield about 300 mg of triterpenes, a level typically relied upon for most triterpenes. The simple powder of zizyphus, consumed orally, appears to be effective in relatively low dosage. One report indicates that good effects were obtained using 0.8-1.2 grams of the powder before bed.
In one of the best known patent remedies for insomnia, Tianwang Buxin Dan (Ginseng and Zizyphus Formula), many herbs with triterpenes are combined together,including zizyphus,ginseng,platycodon,and polygala.The formula also provides herbs that contain steroid saponins(e.g., ophiopogon and asparagus) that have a similar structure and that are likely to have similar effects.The indications and applications of this large formula are almost identical to that of the smaller and more ancient Zizyphus Combination.The famous tonic mushroom ganoderma contains triterpenes similar to those found in ginseng and zizyphus,and is classified,like zizyphus,as a tonic sedative.It is sometimes recommended as a single herb remedy for insomnia.
Traditional Insomia Theory Due to Fatigue and Spine Date Seed
While there are many causes of insomnia, serious fatigue is seen as both a cause and result of insomnia:
According to ancient teaching, the liver is the root of extreme fatigue. A high degree of exhaustion causes serious overnight insomnia, irascibility, dizziness of head and eyes: all indicating the extreme glowing of liver yang, imbalance of yin and yang, and an inability of yang to return to yin....Also, inability of blood to nourish the heart with exhaustion of the heart (mental fatigue) leads to wandering of the heart spirit from its shelter, causing insomnia with heart palpitations.
The liver- and heart-nourishing zizyphus seed, with its astringent quality that helps prevent the heart spirit from wandering too far, is an ideal remedy for this type of disorder. Another explanation of insomnia was provided by an orient physician:
According to the ancient teachings: 'The day is yang; the night is yin. The wei qi circulates in the yang [the body surface] during the day and circulates in the yin [the central viscera] at night. In other words, the yang enters the yin in the night. The meeting of yin and yang creates a peaceful serene state, which is sleep. If the yin is deficient and unable to receive the yang, or the yang is in excess and unable to enter the yin, this causes disconnection of yin and yang with resultant insomnia.'...As stressed by Zhang Jingyue [famous physician of the Ming Dynasty]: 'The insufficiency of genuine yin, essence, and blood will cause disconnection of yin and yang, thus disturbing the peace of the spirit and generating insomnia. The heart shelters the spirit and is the house of the yang....Sleep occurs when the wei qi enters the yin and creates a quiet environment. In the words of the ancients, when the yang has a home to return to, the sleep will ensue. When the heart is disturbed by worry and shakes the spirit, restlessness occurs, which generates insomnia.'
Zizyphus is used to help assure that the yang has a home to return to by nourishing the yin and blood of the heart and liver (essentially, making them soft and comforting). According to Xu Dachun, a Qing Dynasty physician: "Everyone knows that one employs zizyphus and fu-shen if one can not sleep." Fu-shen is part of the herb known as hoelen, one of the ingredients of Zizyphus Combination.The herb is a fungus that grows on the roots of pine trees; fu-shen is the portion that includes the root, while hoelen is the portion that does not include the root.
While zizyphus is useful for the cases of yin and blood deficiency, it is not deemed suitable for all cases of insomnia. A modern Chinese physician, identified only as Liu , expressed some specific reservations, as relayed by translator C.S. Cheung.
Liu is reluctant to use zizyphus indiscriminately. Although it is a good agent for nurturing the heart and calming the spirit and is excellent for the treatment of restless heart insomnia with palpitations due to anxiety and fright, yin deficiency, and profuse perspiration, it is not indicated for insomnia of wet phlegm evil heat or for liver stagnation and qi stagnation. This is because it possesses a sour, astringing property, which may prevent the dissipation of evil phlegm accumulation and stagnated qi and therefore delay the recovery from the illness.
To a certain extent, this concern is overstated, in that the fried seed that is actually used is not sour, though it does have a tonifying and astringent quality that can be considered a contraindication for the conditions described here. The concern about phlegm accumulation is often addressed by including polygala with zizyphus in formulas; polygala has both sedative and phlegm-resolving qualities. Qi stagnation may be addressed by inclusion of saussurea, which regulates qi and has secondary sedative effects. As one example, a widely used sedative preparation is Guipi Tang (Ginseng and Longan Combination), which is a spleen tonic formula (includes ginseng, astragalus, atractylodes, ginseng, and licorice to tonify spleen qi) that incorporates sedatives: zizyphus, polygala, saussurea, jujube, and longan (longan, like jujube, is a sweet fruit that is said to benefit the spleen and have a calming effect). Another example is provided by the modern physicians Wu Zimou and Li Hongjian, who described differentiation of complexes associated with insomnia and suggested a formula with for the type characterized as "stagnated obstruction of phlegm-heat." The formula includes a high dose (20 grams) of zizyphus, indicating that they believe it can still be used, but it also is comprised of several phlegm-resolving herbs-pinellia, citrus, chih-shih, bamboo, trichosanthes fruit, and polygala. Citrus and chih-shih also disperse central qi stagnation.
By contrast, if a sedative formulation is made up of many rich tonifying herbs, then the concern expressed by Liu will apply. His hesitance to provide zizyphus in that context is reflected in the statement, from Commonly Used Chinese Herb Formulas with Illustrations (14), that the tonic prescription Tianwang Buxin Dan (Ginseng and Zizyphus Formula) should not be used by "those having gastrointestinal [spleen] weakness with moist tenacious sputum." Although the formula contains herbs that benefit the spleen and others that resolve phlegm (sputum), its strong focus on nourishing yin and blood is considered sufficient to cause concern for those who have the problem of stagnated and accumulated fluids. Zizyphus is one of the ingredients at issue; others are the oily biota seed and the richly sweet herbs rehmannia and scrophularia.
Functions:
1. Sedative and hypnotic activity of Zizyphus spinosa seed.
Flavonoids and saponins from Zizyphus spinosa (Chinese 'suan zao ren') seeds were tested for sedative activity. All compounds tested showed activity in potentiating hexobarital induced hypnosis as well as reducing ladder climbing. Swertisin was the most potent and was tested for type of action. It was found that these compounds produced sleep but were not anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant.Shin, Woo and Lee: Sedative action of flavonoids and saponins from the seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris var. spinosa Bunge.
Alkaloids from Zizyphus spinosa seeds were examined for sedative activity. Compounds included sanjoinine, zizyphusine and nuciferine (a compound also found in the Chinese herb lotus- Nelumbo nucifera). Both sanjoinine A and nuciferine prolonged the sleeping time produced by hexobarbital. When the sanjoinine A was heated it was found to produce an isomer with even greater sedative activity. This may support the traditional practice of roasting or boiling the seeds before use.
The alkaloids sanjoinine A, nuciferine and their cogeners were found to have sedative activity. Upon heat treatment sanjoinine A produced sanjoinine Ah1, which had greater activity. This may support the traditional practice of roasting or boiling the seeds before use.
2. Radioprotective activity of Zizyphus spinosa seed.
The traditional herb formula Kuei pi tang (Gui pi tang) was found to increase endogenous spleen colony formation and jejunal crypt cell survival. Low and high doses of gamma irrradiation were given and there was significant protection with less cell death occuring as a result. Further study of the ingredients in Kuei pi tang determined that several herbs likely had radioprotective effects, including Zizyphus spinosa seeds. The authors note that although the mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated, the formula is suggested for protection due to it's being a relatively non-toxic natural product.Kim et. al.: The radioprotective effect of Kuei pi tang as a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine in mice.
A Chinese patent was filed for a medicine to treat and prevent the damage from electromagnetic radiation. The ingredients were several herbs and minerals including Zizyphus spinosa seeds, Calcium and Zinc. The medicine was prepared as a decoction (boiled tea) but it was suggested that the ingredients could be added to food as well.
3. Protection from anoxia (lack of oxygen) and reoxygenation damage.
The heart cells of rats were deprived of oxygen and then reoxygenated. This was done both with and without Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins. In the group given the Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins more intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were active and there was less membrane fluidity, all signs of better protection and recovery. This study proved that Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins protect against lipid peroxidation induced by anoxia and reoxygenation.
Neonatal heart cells of rats were deprived of oxygen and glucose or treated with the drugs chlorpromazine ad mitomycin. Increases of the production of lactate dehydogenase were measured. Pretreatment with Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins showed a reduction or elimination of these ill effects due to oxygen/glucose deprivation of drug administration. The authors conclude that Zizyphus spinosa seed saponins are an effective protective drug for myocardial cells.
Up.
4.Protective effects on cardiac cells.
Experiments show that at 33mg/ml, total zizyphus saponin can significantly decrease cardiac cells' release of lactic dehydrogenase induced by deoxyglucose, chloropromazine, or mytomycin C.
5.Anti-neoplastic effects
Administered i.g. at 1.40 ml/kg or 0.35 ml/kg, Suan Zao Ren oil can lengthen the survival time of cancerous mice by a factor of 50%. It can inhibit weight increase in the late stages of cancerous mice's lives.
Up.
6.Enhancing immunity
Experiments show that administered to mice at 0.1g/kg for 16 consecutive days, Suan Zao Ren can enhance the subjects' humoral and cell-mediated immune functions. Furthermore, Suan Zao Ren has a protective effect against radiation damage in mice.Administered to mice at 5g/kg for 20 consecutive days, alcohol-based extract of Suan Zao Ren can counteract cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice.
7.Lowering blood lipid level and counteracting platelet aggregation.
Administered to male quails of modeled high cholesterol levels, both Suan Zao oil at 2.5ml/kg and Suan Zao extract at 20g/kg can significantly decrease the subjects' levels of total cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. It can also significantly decrease the liver's fatty degeneration. denaturation of liver lipid. Administered i.g. at 2.5ml/kg per day for 5 consecutive days, Suan Zao oil can significantly inhibit blood platelet aggregation in rats.
8.Counteracting peroxydation.
Suan Zao Ren has a protective effect against endotoxin-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in feverish mice.
9.Protective effects against chemic cerebral damages.
Total zizyphus saponin can decrease the content of water and MDA in ischemic cerebral tissues. It increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, creatine phophatase, and lactic dehydrogenase in cerebral tissues, decreases the content of lactic acid, and ameliorates damage to nerve cells.
